Re: War of the Lateran Coalition (1711 - 1713)

[TLS]

NPC Responses

Papacy:

The Papacy, on behalf of the Church in France, notes the French counter-offer, and responds thusly:

1) Territorial Changes in Italy: the Holy Father has no intention of directly administering anything beyond the traditional Church lands in the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, and thus will accept temporary administrative duties as a replacement sovereign is noted.

2) The French King has spoken at length about the rights of a prince within his own domain; Avignon is not French territory, it has been Papal for a thousand years. As such, the Papacy will not accept any demands on how it garrisons its lands. However, the Holy Father will agree to limit the garrison in Avignon to 1 Fortress and 1 Infantry Brigade.

3) The reparation of land seized in France with land in the New World is acceptable, as long as the King swears to never again seize Church lands against the will of the Bishops in each Bishopric.

4) The Kingdom of France is entitled to allow a modicum of tolerance within its borders—however, the Kingdom of France, per the Edict of Nantes, must abide by its agreements to support the supremacy of the Catholic Church within France. Her Kings must remain Catholic to retain God’s blessing and their Divine Right to rule, lest they end up like King Henry III.

To that end, though the King of France can allow civil rights for Heretics and the Jews, allowing for separate areas of dominance would be counter to the supposed values he is seeking to uphold vis-à-vis the Treaty of Westphalia, to which the King is not party, and yet from which he draws inspiration. France has been, and forever shall be, a Catholic Kingdom, where Apostates and Deniers of Christ live only at the grace of His Majesty, the King. Jurisdictions expressly governed under Heretical religion would be antithetical to his duties as King, as would been an attempt to remove Catholic doctrine from the governing of his Kingdom.

5) The King of France is free to designate at his leisure his advisors, and thus can choose freely whether to accept clergymen as his officers; however, the rights of the Clergy in the Estates General shall not be infringed without the express acceptance of a majority of each of the Three Estates, as per ancient French custom and vows sworn by the King’s fathers before God Himself. The defense of such privileges is, as per French custom, left to the local parlements, as the Holy Father has no intention to disturb the established status quo of French governance.

6) The King of France’s confession will be accepted warmly and lovingly by the Holy Father, Confessor to all Kings and Christ’s Vicar on Earth, once he has made penance as above. In return, not only shall the King be welcomed back into the embrace of the Mother Church, but the extensive privileges offered to the French King through the Spanish peace envoys (OOC: the bullet-point list of unique traits of the Church in France, which are essentially slightly more papal-friendly principles of Gallicanism formulated by Louis XIV and rejected by the Pope IRL) shall still be offered the French King and his descendants as long as they keep Communion with the Holy Church.

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Austria:

The Archduke of Austria, as the defenders of the rights and privileges of free nobles across Europe as well as the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, notes its broad agreement with the points above—particularly noting the defense of the ancient privileges of the Nobles in the Estates, which the Archduke compares to the privileges of the Princes in the Empire (a not-too-subtle attempt to equate his defense of French nobles with that of the Electors of the Empire) with the following qualifications:

1) In the interest of freeing Italy of Bourbon shackles once and for all, the Archduke is willing to accept the territorial exchange with the House of Savoy, as well as recognize their claim to Kingship, albeit solely within their current domains. No claim beyond the Duchies of Savoy or Milan shall be recognized.

2) As defenders of the Knights of St. John, the Archduke publicly vows before God that he shall aid and abet their re-institution as a territorial entity safeguarding the boundaries of Christendom, especially considering the fall of Malta, Oran, and Ceuta to the Saracens during this Christian Fraternal conflict.

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Savoy:

The Kingdom of Lombardy, the former Duchy of Savoy, is willing to accept the terms instantly and without qualification, and makes it known that, as it has no intention to fight over the status of the Church in France or to take land from the Pope, if a general peace agreement is not reached it will continue to pursue the path of peace.

[Galveston Bay]

Angry beyond measure, but ultimately realistic, King Philippe accepts the terms imposed



SO to summarize

Catholic Supremacy but the Civil Rights of Protestants and Jews are accepted

The Kingdom of Naples is ceded to the Lateran Powers

English and French withdrawal from Sardinia, Puerto Rico and Balearic Islands

The traditional French feudal organization remains (Parliaments and Estates General)

The Kingdom of Lombardy is established (recognized by France and the Holy Roman Emperor)

Avignon remains a Papal outpost

The King of France already made his apologies

The excommunication of the French Royal Family is lifted based on Catholic Supremacy and promises made to retain it

France keeps Louisiana (Philippia), the Austrians get their merchant flotilla back and Genoa gets its merchant flotilla back

ooc
if I missed anything let me know, but that is what it boils down to

[Galveston Bay]

some ooc questions
When Naples and Marseiles fell, they both had naval yards. How much damage, if any, was done to each. Neither had maintenance paid while under occupation.

Naples surrendered on terms, so presumably the buildings and structures are intact and its a matter of rehiring the labor force

Marsailles fell in a city fight, and casualties were heavy, although a great many of the labor force survived to go into captivity and the fighting was at the city walls, not in the harbor.

So basically how much would it cost to restore those things (for whoever gets Naples and of course for France in Marsaille)

Also
Naples and Malta had prewar 6 shipping units of which 4 where kept by the French (and taken into service as transports) along with 2 survivor shipping units from Marsaille (plus 9 for Quebec, Bordeaux and Brest between them and 2 more for Lille that escaped)

so basically Malta and Naples have no shipping units assigned, while the French have 3 for each of their 4 home ports, plus 3 for Quebec (so 15 total) plus 2 left over that remain in the Navy as permanent transport flotillas. (This is mainly to clarify)

Also Lille shouldn't be a port... unless it represents the 3 Channel port of Dunkirk, Calais, and Dieppe combined (which does kind of make sense). It might be more accurate to make Le Havre the port instead, as it is the biggest of the Channel ports by far

Other questions... do the Pro Catholic militias go home or do I have to kill them for active rebellion against the Crown as they are not covered in the peace treaty. The King is going to demand that post haste (that they return home).

Go home and no more will be said. Remain as organized bodies in arms and be considered in rebellion.

[Kilani]

The Commonwealth's only sticking point is that they be paid an indemnity for the return of the islands, etc (OOC: Demands settle on roughly 2 pts worth or about two years worth of Sardinia's income).

[Hussam B.]

That is acceptable.

[TLS]

The End of the War of the Lateran Coalition

Note: This list is to summarize economic and political aftermath in the main battleground states, but is not necessarily exhaustive—I may have missed a cost above or in the Lateran War colonial thread, so please be sure to check both.

France

After two bloody years at war, France is finally at peace by the start of Fall, 1713. The Lateran armies which held sway over most of the country and its population, having relegated the French crown to the coast, slowly proceed to withdraw from the country as the New Year’s deadline approaches.  The weight of the war has fallen asymmetrically over much of the country; while the Northwest of the country went largely untouched, other regions have seen repeated marches and battles. The Imperial lightning campaign through the Northwest, while culminating in the rapid fall of Paris to the invaders, took place with enough rapidity to leave the underlying socioeconomic structures fundamentally secure. The fact that these regions of the country were the most clerically-minded, and the nobility largely acquiesced to the intrusion of the invaders, also left the region without much economic damage.

Provence and Gascony, meanwhile, saw considerably more issues. In Provence the campaigns around Marseille, Avignon, and Toulon did not wreck much havoc save for the immense damage inflicted on the naval yard at Marseille, hampering the profitable coastal trade economy. In Gascony and Toulouse, on the other hand, a number of fairly large armies marched hither and thither across the countryside. The French consciously and purposefully embarked on a program of denial and destruction to hamper the advance of the Imperials, leading to lasting damage in the already impoverished region. Though the risk of famine is mostly offset by the return to peace and the re-establishment of domestic grain trade routes, the region will continue to feel the cost of the war.

The end of the war has also left an uneasy balance in the French Kingdom. Per his treaty with the Pope and the Emperor, the French King has abjured much of the anti-clerical positions he had embarked upon prior to the war—though still retains the holdings he had seized from the church in the first place, save the island of Malta, which he let fall into the hand of the Turk. The Princes de sange and higher clergy remain wary of the King’s promises, but for the laypeople, lesser nobility, and general subjects of the Crown, the return to peace is a welcome sight. The path of Noble-Royal, and Royal-Clerical, confrontation had engulfed France in decades of civil war over the previous two decades, and many fear the return of the Wars of the Religion or another Fronde. The militias and impromptu juntas which had maintained orders in the cities of France after their fall to the Imperial armies all openly and proudly declare their intention to welcome the King’s Law back to France—after all, they are not the English, and though some in their ranks were intent on overthrowing the Bourbons, most were simply trying to protect their homes and keep security in the hands of locals, not Germans or Spaniards.

For the minorities of France, mainly the Protestants and the Jews, the war ends on a cautiously optimistic note. Though France once again proclaims the supremacy of the Catholic Church, and the rights and privileges of the Church are restored (albeit with many more caveats), the Edict of Nantes is both left in force and, in many ways, expanded. Legal prohibitions to the Huguenots and the Jews entering into more of the state administration are chipped away and they are more fully elevated as subjects of the King’s Law—still subject to a capricious and distant autocrat, of course, but with more protections from their capricious and close neighbors. The war has also resulted in something of a demographic shift, with many Huguenots and Jews choosing to stay in areas with much larger Huguenot populations. The minority remains that, a minority (consisting of roughly 10% of the population), but with a much higher percentage in the Western and Southwestern regions--the provinces of Guyenne and Gascony, Saintogne, Aunis, Poitou, Angoumois, and Bern, especially (in these regions the average is closer to 20-25%, while in the major cities it approaches 50%).

With the uneasy peace settling back in France, already the machinations have begun for the King’s next move. The nobility and clergy, anxious to avoid another conflict with the Crown, begin to refashion themselves as the King’s most loyal estates: if the King would only foreswear his attempts to destroy their ancient rights and privileges, they clamor, they will return to their rightful places as his most loyal subjects. A more dangerous undercurrent has also infected the French body politic, however—the months that the New Model Army has spent in Bordeaux are followed by an upsurge in radically anti-Catholic and anti-Monarchical tracts. The King’s peace with Rome proves that he is an unreliable friend to the Huguenots, and the presence of the Evangelically Protestant (and Evangelically Republican) NMA on French shores has instilled a radical undercurrent into French society—which, while still small, has found fertile ground in some quarters of the Kingdom due to the wartime alliance with Perfidious Albion.

Game Effects:

Population: Mainland France has lost 100,000 subjects (in Guipuzkoa and Roussillon)

Taxation: Taxes are reduced nationwide by 20% to represent the expense and effort in restoring royal power over the restored provinces (1714 only)

Income:

• Bordeaux provides .25 income in 1714, .75 income in 1715, and full income 1716 (represents extensive damage in interior of its province).
  
• Marseilles provides .75 income in 1714, full 1715 (represents disruption in port due to damage to naval facilities after capture)
  
• France, over the course of the war, has been reduced to 17 commercial flotillas—2 more than it can currently sustain (will be forced to continually pay to maintain them as transports, or else disband them)
  

Expenses: Naval Yard in Marseilles will cost 12 points, 3 years to repair (the Spanish attack was not aimed at destroying the naval facilities like the raids on Cadiz and Ferrol were, but the occupation, blockade, and death of many dockworkers undermined much of its infrastructure).

Italy

The single most fought-over tract of land in the war was the 100 miles between Mantua and Milan. Three major battles were fought over the course of two years, extensive encampments, foraging, and impressment hampered economic activity along the Po valley. As such, the region welcomes the return of peace post haste. The first inklings of famine have begun to stalk the land, and, again, it is only the prompt end of the war that prevents the 1713 harvest season from being a complete disaster. The economic impact in the other major Italian theater, the Kingdom of Naples, is less dire; the campaign there was fairly brief, but the French rearguard actions were designed purposefully to raid, damage, and impact the agricultural production in the region.

Unlike in France, where the war ended with only minor border adjustments, the war has more extensively remade the map of Italy. The Savoyards have christened themselves Kings of Lombardy and seized the Duchy of Milan from the Austrians, and while the Archdukes of Austria have received the smaller Duchy of Mantua in recompense, it has strengthened and expanded the buffer between the Austrian and French crowns. Meanwhile, in the South, the Pope remains unsure of how best to partition the former French possessions of Sicily and Naples. Though he has publicly foresworn keeping the lands for himself, there remains the substantial question of which powers shall be rewarded for their participation in the coalition to restore the Church’s power in France and to avenge the casualties of the Knights of Malta.

What is not in doubt, however, is that the Knights of St. John need a new home, and the Holy Father has just the place in mind. Since they have lost their island fortress, the Pope makes to give them a new one. The island of Pantelleria is entertained, as another island guarding the approaches to the Barbary Coast, but is deemed too exposed, both in terms of proximity to the resurgent Alawites and in the general layout of the island. Instead, while the majority of the Presidi Coast and Piombino are transferred post-haste to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the move is instead made to give the island of Elba to the Knights of St. John. Though it is further from the main trade routes accosted by the Muslims, it is thus closer to shelter—and to a potential expedition from mainland Italy were it to ever fall into enemy hands again.

Game Effects:

Population:

• Lombardy: +1,000,000 from Austria
  
• Austria: -1,000,000 to Lombardy, +250,000 from Mantua (total: -750,000)
  
• Sicily: 1,000,000 (under Papal administration in 1714)
  
• Naples: 3,000,000 (under Papal administration in 1714)
  

Taxation: Tax income in the Kingdoms of Sicily and Naples, as well as the Duchies of Milan and Mantua, are at 25% (that is, subtract 75%) due to the transition costs in 1714. Will go to 75% in 1715 and 100% in 1716.

Income:

• Resources at Milan and Mantua provide .25 in 1714, .75 1715, and full 1716 due to agricultural damage
  
• Naples provides .5 income in 1714, full income 1716
  
• Commercial fleet losses are: 3 Naples (2 to France, 1 sunk), 2 Austrian, 1 Genoese (which was returned to Genoa at war’s end), 3 Knights (2 to France, 1 sunk)
  

Expenditures: The Naval Yard at Naples was seized following a siege surrendering, rather than a costly attack, and they were purposefully not targeted. However, the uncertainty surrounding the fall and the large naval actions have hampered the trade along the coast, and it will take some time to attract the necessary caliber of employees and supplies (8 points, 2 years to repair the naval yard)

Spain

The Spanish emerge from the wars as rather unquestioned victors, but not without cost. The French, English, and Alawites have utterly obliterated much of the Spanish navy, 2/3rds of its construction capacity, and killed tens of thousands of its men. Though the Emperor has delivered a thumping victory for his Coalition, Spain suffered a number of embarrassing losses across the sea and along the coasts. More damagingly, the damage inflicted on Spain’s trade is substantial, and the violence in the Greater Antilles has undermined the vitality of Spain’s Caribbean trade. Her losses, however, are deemed appropriate by the Emperor and his son, the King of Spain, as they have secured the Wittelsbach hold on the Imperial crown, weakened their Austrian rival/allies, and removed the threat of French domination of Italy.

Game Effects:

Population: Mainland Spain has gained 100,000 subjects (in Guipuzkoa and Roussillon)

Taxation: No noticeable taxation costs (acquired land on the Franco-Spanish border is not economically significant).

Income

• Ports at Ferrol and Cadiz provide .25 income in 1714, .5 in 1715, .75 in 1716, and full income 1717 (damage to these ports was the most extensive of the war)
  
• Port at San Juan provides .75 income 1714, full 1715
  
• Port at Veracruz provides .5 income 1714, full 1715
  
• Port at Montevideo provides 0 income 1714, .5 1715, full 1716
  
• Spain has lost 8 commercial fleets over the course of the war (4 in the New World, 4 from the losses in Ferrol and Cadiz; others were captured but returned)
  

Expenditures

• Naval Yards at Ferrol and Cadiz will cost 20 points and take 5 years to repair, each.
  

England

England has, once again, emerged from a war on the Continent with a mixed record. The English fleets under Admiral Byng, with the exception of the failed capture of Veracruz, have performed exceptionally against the Spanish fleets—though not without substantial cost of their own. The New Model Army has performed drastically less well, with a resounding defeat in Portugal followed by a successful campaign of taking over undefended islands. England’s core resources at home were untouched, and her colonies have been slightly expanded in New England.

However, the question on the lips of everyone in London is: was this worth it? England joined herself at the hip with Arch Enemy #2, the French, in return for…the status quo ante, and a middling payment for the return of Puerto Rico. The rabid anti-Catholicism whipped up by the war against the Pope was proven empty when the French King, at the peace conference, swore to uphold Catholic supremacy once more in France, and the anti-Monarchical undercurrent in England was swift: well of course he sold out the Faith, he is a King—the lowest form of beast! The Parliament is wracked by dissent and anger at so much English blood and treasure spent for little gain, while the Enemy Over the Water in Dublin continues to rule over his people like a Babylonian Despot of old.

The Empire

The Austrian gambit to reassert and prove itself as the leading power of the Catholic states in the Empire has met with mixed success. The capture of Paris was a mighty victory, and the Austrians will possibly even emerge from the war with a net gain in territory (if the Holy Father wills it), but the loss of Milan is a heavy blow for indeterminate gains. Austria has deepened her ties with many of the Catholic states of the Empire, but her Protestant rivals to the north were able to use the period to build, expand their influence, and prepare. Meanwhile, the Wittelsbachs have claimed the majority of the major victories in the war; the joint Austro-Wittelsbach armies shared the glory in the North, but the Wittelsbachs claimed almost all the glory for themselves in the South. The French, additionally, seemed to have settled upon a strategy of trying to downplay the Austrian role in their defeat, which further infuriates the Hapsburgs.

In the Empire itself, the war is viewed as a success for the Imperial Party of the Wittelsbachs, in particular, and the Emperor returns to his court in Bavaria a happy man. The Emperor’s most sycophantic allies—the other Wittelsbach states, and some of the mid-tier Catholic realms—argue that this is the time for the Emperor to strike while the iron is hot, and expand Imperial power after a century of decline due to the decades of religious conflict. However, though he has won a victory, the Empire remains fragmented into various camps, and a single war will not be enough to reform the Empire in his image.

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