Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II

[Ottoman]

Background: The uprising of native and mestizo peasants with creole and mestizo support, led by indigenous caciques against the perceived beneficiaries of the Bourbon reforms in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru and heavy use of native labor to mine the silver mine in Upper Peru. Other causes included widespread economic imbalances/ inequalities and a revival of Inca identity embodied by Túpac Amaru II, a native cacique and the leader of the rebellion.


June 1797, after a party in Tungasuca, where Túpac was cacique, Túpac and supporters seized Antonio Arriaga, the corregidor of his hometown of Tinta. They forced him to write letters to his treasurer in Tinta requesting money and arms and to other powerful individuals and kurakas ordering them to congregate in Tungasuca. On June,10, six days after his capture, Arriaga was executed in front of thousands of gathered Indians, mestizos, and Criollos (locals of mostly Spanish descent.Following the assassination of Arriaga, Túpac made a proclamation citing several explicit demands related to indigenous issues. These included ending the mita rotational labor system and limiting the power of the corregidor and thus amplifying his own power as cacique. To the same end, he also sought the creation of a new audiencia at Cuzco. Túpac began moving through the countryside, where he gained supporters, primarily from the Indian and mestizo classes, but also with some creoles. On June 17 he arrived at the town of Sangarará, where Spanish authorities from Cuzco and the surrounding area had assembled a force of about 604 Spaniards and 700 Indians. Túpac's ad hoc army, which had grown to several thousand, routed this force the next day, destroying the local church where a number of people had taken refuge.Túpac then turned south, against the advice of his wife and lieutenant Micaela Bastidas, who urged him to attack Cuzco before the government could mobilize. Micaela Bastidas was a pivotal force in the Túpac de Amaru rebellion and is often overlooked. Bastidas was known for leading an uprising in the San Felipe de Tungasucsa region. Indigenous communities often sided with the rebels, and local militias put up little resistance. It was not long before Túpac's forces had taken control of almost the entire southern Peruvian plateau by early July.

The Rebels hold the area around Puno( Primary rl Peru size
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mapa_cuencas_endorr%C3%A9icas_meseta_del_collao.jpg

Spanish officials send word for reinforcements to shatter the rebellion.

Local Forces loyal to Spain
1 Fortresses (Lima)
2 Metropolitan Garrison Brigades (1 Lima, 1 La Paz)
2 Colonial Garrison Brigades ( Lima, La Paz)
4 Forts (Quito, Potosi, La Paz (Bolivia)) - 4

Rebel forces

40 Militia Grade Infantry Brigades armed whatever arms they have available or taken from Spanish in the area, arms ranges from tech level tech 2- tech 3.

[Kilani]

The current Viceroy of Peru, Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno, orders all of the garrison units under his command to mobilize for active service and sends a dispatch to the Viceroyalties of La Plata, Granada, and New Spain to request additional reinforcements. He has at his disposal 10,000 troops, but believes that he will need an additional five or six thousand to effectively deal with the rebels.

Troops begin mobilizing in Cartegna las Indias and in Buenos Aires once word reaches them; however, it will take some time before these additional troops arrive. For the moment, he forms his troops into three infantry brigades and a single cavalry brigade and orders them to concentrate in the area of Arequipa.

[Ottoman]

Late 1797

Rebel forces march on Spanish Garrison of La Paz and besiege the city.

Rebel forces- 20 Militia Brigades

Local Forces loyal to Spain
1 Metropolitan Garrison Brigades (1 La Paz)
1 Colonial Garrison Brigades ( La Paz)
1 Fort- La Paz (Bolivia)

Another rebel force(the other 20 Militia brigades marches on Cusco and overwhelms the local Spanish Militia and take the city in name of the revolt with light losses.

Which inspires the locals to join the revolt, five more militia infantry brigades join the rebellion.

[Kilani]

O'Higgins mobilizes the regulars in the fortress at Lima and replaces them with local militia, giving him 7,500 men for field operations, organized into two infantry brigades, an artillery battalion, and a cavalry regiment.

Another infantry brigade is marching south from Cartegna (after mobilization) and a cavalry brigade from Buenos Aires.

In Acapulco, another 7,500 men of the garrison brigades there are mobilized as infantry and cavalry (2 infantry, 1 cavalry brigade) and ordered shipped by sea to Lima.

He intends to have a force of five infantry brigades, two artillery battalions, and a cavalry brigade in Lima as soon as possible, with the cavalry from Buenos Aires intended to march to them as quickly as possible.

[Ottoman]

January 28,1798

Battle of La Paz

A Spanish relief force from Lima finally arrives compose of two infantry brigades, an artillery battalion, and a cavalry regiment to attack the rebel forces that besieging the city. The Spanish use their superior firepower and training to shatter the poorly train rebel forces with light losses. The rebel forces are force to do a tactical withdraw while incurring heavy losses.

Spanish losses

1 Infantry Brigade reduced to 1 Infantry Regiment

Rebel losses

15 Militia Brigades shattered and wipe out

[Ottoman]

After failed assault on La Paz,The Rebels and Spanish spend most of the Spring and Summer consolidating their forces for next moves. The Rebels were trying to create strongholds in the Andes to make the Spanish progress slow and painful.

While the Spanish use the time to build up their bases and depots to supply their forces for operations in the highlands of Andes.

[Ottoman]

By the end of 1798, both sides are dig in their strongholds. The Spanish have finally build up a logistics network to support their operations against the rebels in the highlands. For now they have to wait for weather to improve as rain/snow storms cover the passes.

As for the rebels, they make do with what they have on hand and trained for the coming battles.

[Kilani]

As more troops arrive, O'Higgins prepares his campaign.

He now has 5 infantry brigades, 2 cavalry brigades, two artillery regiments, and an infantry regiment available and he believes this will be enough to quell the uprising. He intends to seize Cuzco and then use it as a base to smash the rest of the rebellion...

[Ottoman]

April-May 1799

The weather in the highlands is finally stable for the Spanish forces to invade the Highlands.
The Spanish forces compose of 5 infantry brigades, 2 cavalry brigades, two artillery regiments, and an infantry regiment as they march into the highlands. They soon encountered the rebel forces who engage in hit and run tactics, forcing the Spanish commanders to keep some forces as rear guard to ensure supply lines aren’t cut off or raid.

The Spanish advance is slowed dealing with the rebel forces in the rural regions, eventually they are able to shatter a high of number rebels at heavy cost.
Rebel losses
10 Militia Brigades destroyed
Spanish losses
1 Infantry Regiment destroyed
1 Infantry Brigade reduced to Regiment

By early June 1799

The Spanish forces reach Cusco and besiege the city.

Spanish forces
4 Infantry Brigades
1 Infantry Regiment
2 artillery regiment
2 Cavalry Brigades covering supply routes and acting as rear guards

Rebel forces in Cusco
10 Militia Brigades

[Ottoman]

Early August 1799

Fall of Cusco

As the siege drags on, Spanish Field Commanders realized the weather will soon change and make it difficult to maintain the siege and supplies. They order an assault on the rebel lines, the Spanish make use of their superior tech and weaponry to assault the rebel lines. The fighting is heavy, but the Spanish are able to inflict heavy losses on the rebels while taking moderate losses to their own forces.  By August 10th, 1799, Cusco is back in Spanish control and the rebel forces in the city shattered.

Spanish losses
1 Infantry Brigade reduced to 1 Infantry Regiment
1 Infantry Regiment destroyed

Rebel forces
All destroyed, at least half the rebel leadership was killed in the fighting.

However, Túpac and his son have yet to be found, they and their supporters vow to keep on fighting.
There are less than 5 Rebel Militia Brigades in the highlands still fighting to drive the Spanish out.  Figure you’ll need to build more forts in major towns and deploy 2 garrison brigades plus 2 infantry brigades to root out the rebels.

[Kilani]

3 Infantry Brigades
1 Infantry Regiment
2 artillery regiment
2 Cavalry Brigades

The artillery regiments and 1 one of the infantry brigades are converted to garrison troops, with a cavalry brigade and an infantry brigade deployed to root out the rebels.

The infantry regiment returns to La Paz and the other infantry brigade is order to Lima; the last cavalry brigade is ordered back to Buenos Aires.

[Ottoman]

By of end 1800, the Spanish forces have largely crushed the native uprising and have killed Tupac and his son in clashes in the Andres mountains.

Spanish losses are light, whereas the Rebels are completely shattered. For now Spanish rule in Peru is safe from native rebellion.

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